Guinea pigs, or Cavia porcellus, originated in South America. They range in size from 8 to 12 inches in length and weigh between 700 to 1200 grams. Their life span is 5 to 7 years. There are 13 different breeds of cavies with the American being the most common.
Guinea pigs are a social animal. Unless you can be with your pig 24 hours a day, it is best to get at least two for company. Both male and female (sow) guinea pigs make nice pets. Many people prefer boars (males). They are more inquisitive and personable. They are the ones which come to the edge of the cage and beg for treats or to have their ears rubbed.
Young pigs (less than 6 months old) tend to have more energy. Adolescent pigs (3 to 7 months old) are very active like human teenagers. If you want a pig which is more sedate, choose a fully grown pig that is 8 months old or older. Baby pigs need to be at least 4 weeks old before leaving their mother.
Unlike most mammals, guinea pigs cannot make their own vitamin C. They must receive it in their diet each day. In order for the pigs to get vitamin C, feed fresh guinea pig pellets. Do not feed rabbit pellets - - - they are not fortified with vitamin C. A lack of vitamin C causes scurvy. Symptoms of scurvy are poor appetite, painful swollen joints, reluctance to move and spontaneous bleeding, especially from the gums. The disease can be fatal. Cavies require 15 – 25 milligrams of vitamin C daily. Pregnant pigs require 30 milligrams while sick or injured animals require 100 milligrams daily. Guinea pigs can receive their daily requirement of vitamin C though fortified pellets and dark, leafy greens. Hay should be available daily as it mimics the natural diet of the animal and promotes natural chewing behavior and helps prevent molar overgrowth. Timothy hay is the hay of choice with alfalfa being offered in times of growth and pregnancy. Feed your pigs out of a heavy crock bowl and use a water bottle.
Housing for guinea pigs is simple. A single pig needs a 2 X 3 foot cage with a solid bottom. If you have two pigs, they need a slightly larger cage. Aspen shavings make a good bedding. Recycled paper products also make good bedding. Stay away from cedar shavings and cat litter.
Guinea pigs love to play with plastic spoons, measuring cups, and cups. They also enjoy bird toys and cat toys with bells. Owners need to be sure that any toys purchased do not have small parts that could be chewed off and eaten. Hamster roller balls and wheels are cautioned against.
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